У статті розглянуто наукові школи і розвиток генетичних досліджень упродовж останніх трьох десятиліть в Інституті фізіології рослин і генетики НАН України. Представлено основні напрями діяльності генетичних підрозділів Інституту та створених на їх базі наукових шкіл. Приділено увагу фундаментальним питанням і прикладним розробкам у галузі класичної, молекулярної та фізіологічної генетики, мутаційної, інтрогресивної й екологічної селекції злакових рослин, а також генетичної інженерії. Висвітлено сучасний стан, принципи і методи генетичного поліпшення злакових рослин та основні досягнення науковців Інституту в цьому напрямі. Детально представлено практичні здобутки в галузі гетерозисної та мутаційної селекції злаків, використання молекулярних маркерів, генної інженерії й віддаленої гібридизації. Узагальнено наукові дані стосовно генетичної загрози, яка виникла внаслідок аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС та техногенного забруднення довкілля. Викладено результати вивчення і впровадження в програми селекційно-генетичних досліджень нових генів і генетичних систем, що впливають на кількісні та якісні характеристики зерна. Представлено нові напрями генетичних досліджень злакових культур, яких досі не було в Україні, зокрема селекції сортів з кольоровим зерном, з метою підвищення харчової цінності зерна, що є основою для появи на продовольчому ринку нашої держави нових продуктів функціонального харчування. Зроблено огляд інноваційних розробок Інституту, зокрема нових високопродуктивних сортів озимої пшениці, які широко висіваються в Україні та за її межами.
Ключові слова: наукові школи, генетичні дослідження, досягнення, селекція, сорти, Інститут фізіології рослин і генетики НАН України
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