Light quality is a key environmental factor regulating plant growth, development, and metabolic activity, particularly under controlled in vitro conditions. The widespread use of light-emitting diode (LED) systems enables precise modulation of spectral composition, and provides new opportunities for regulating photomorphogenesis and biosynthetic processes in plant tissue cultures. This study investigated the effects of monochromatic LED irradiation with different spectral compositions — red (RL, 660 nm), green (GL, 525 nm), and blue (BL, 470 nm) — on morphogenetic responses and metabolic activity in the callus culture of Pisum sativum L. Callus cultures of the pea of Macenat variety at the 2nd—3rd subculture passages were used. Photoactivation was performed using Korobov-modified LED matrices with defined spectral characteristics, while control cultures were maintained in darkness. The effects of selective light irradiation on callus growth, morphogenesis, and the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites were evaluated. Monochromatic LED irradiation induced spectrum-specific responses in pea callus tissues. Red light stimulated active cell proliferation, increased the growth index, and promoted the formation of morphogenetic structures. Blue light was the most effective inducer of morphogenesis, enhancing callus cell differentiation and protein accumulation. Green light had little effect on callus growth and morphogenesis but caused pronounced changes in metabolic activity, particularly in carbohydrate and flavonoid accumulation. Overall, the results demonstrate that selective monochromatic light differentially modulates photomorphogenic pathways and biosynthetic processes in P. sativum callus culture, highlighting the potential of light spectrum manipulation as a tool for regulating morphogenesis and metabolic profiles in plant in vitro systems.
Ключові слова: Pisum sativum L., in vitro culture, monochromatic LED light, callusogenesis, morphogenesis, soluble carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, flavonoids
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