В огляді розглянуто досягнення і перспективи молекулярних біотехнологій, пов’язаних з підвищенням рівня стійкості кукурудзи та пшениці до стресів, спричинених водним дефіцитом, із використанням генів низки транскрипційних факторів. Показано, що, будучи стрес-індукованими, транскрипційні фактори можуть слугувати компонентами комплексних сигнальних мереж і виступати як ключові посередники процесів адаптації/ стійкості рослин. Схарактеризовано велику родину транскрипційних факторів AP2/ERF, члени якої беруть участь у реакції одно- і дводольних на стреси, спричинені водним дефіцитом, засоленням, екстремальними температурами, іонами важких металів. Показано, що АБК-залежні транскрипційні фактори AREB/ABF також можуть брати участь у підвищенні рівня стійкості пшениці і кукурудзи до абіотичних і біотичних стресорів. В огляді проаналізовано транскрипційні фактори NAC, які виконують різні функції, в тому числі беруть участь у контролі експресії генів, пов’язаних зі стійкістю рослин до стресів. Для генетичного поліпшення культурних злаків обговорено можливість використання в регуляторних мережах генів, що належать до субродини транскрипційних факторів ERF, MYB, NF-Y, bHLH-типу.
Ключові слова: corn, wheat, transcription factors, AP2/ERF, AREB/ ABF, NAC, ERF, MYB, NF-Y, bHLH-type, Opaque 2, osmotolerance, genetic transformation
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