Fiziol. rast. genet. 2024, vol. 56, no. 6, 515-528, doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2024.06.515

Productivity and quality of chickpea under conditions of water deficit

Koloianidi N.O.

  • Mykolayiv National Agrarian University 9 Georgiy Gongadze St., Mykolaiv, 54008, Ukraine

Under the conditions of current climate changes, the water availability and temperature during the growing season have a significant impact on the yield of the main crops, including legumes, which are an important source of plant protein. In this context, chickpea is becoming increasingly important as a promising legume crop capable of providing high and stable yields under conditions of insufficient rainfall. According to the results of many years field research and farm tests, it was established that the development of agrotechnical methods of chickpea cultivation under the arid conditions of Southern Ukraine requires taking into account the peculiarities of the culture and the soil and climatic conditions of the region. In particular, increasing the rows width to 45 cm at the seed sowing rate of 0.4 million per ha reduces the total water consumption of chickpea crops and increases the water consumption ratio by 4 % compared to crops with a row width of 15 cm and the sowing rate of 0.6 million per ha. At the same time, in wide-row crops, the productivity of chickpea varieties was 0.07—0.19 t/ha higher. Close correlations were established between the climatic conditions of the growing season and the crop productivity. A strong positive correlation was found between the amount of precipitation, the value of the hydrothermal coefficient and productivity (r = 0.73 and r = 0.75, respectively), the protein content in grain and average daily air temperature (r = 0.79—0.84), and the average daily air temperature and duration of vegetation (r = 0.89). The highest yield of chickpea grain was found for the Bujak variety, which is able to form stable yields of high quality under conditions of irregular rainfall. Comprehensive consideration of the culture peculiarities and the soil and climatic conditions of the region is the key to the development of effective agrotechnical methods for growing chickpea under conditions of climate change, which allows to reduce the risks of productivity loss under water deficit, in order to ensure the sustainable development of crop production in the South of Ukraine.

Keywords: Cicer arietinum L., chickpea, drought resistance, heat resistance, productivity

Fiziol. rast. genet.
2024, vol. 56, no. 6, 515-528

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