The processes of formation and functioning of soybean symbiotic systems with fungicide-resistant nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum PC07 and B78 were studied in field experiment under the use of Standak Top and Maxym XL preparations 7 days before sowing. The insignificant decrease in the number and weight of root nodules during the growing season was observed under the complex pre-treatment of soybean seeds with seed treatment agents and rhizobia, compared to control plants (bacterization without fungicides). In the budding-beginning of flowering stage, the nitrogen fixation activity of symbiotic systems formed with the participation of both strains of nodule bacteria decreased when using Maxim XL by 12.6—25.0 %, and when treated with Standak Top — by 13.9—15.1 %. In the stage bean formation, nitrogen fixation activity was lower by 17.9 % compared to control plants when seeds were treated with Maxim XL and B. japonicum PC07. In the case of inoculation with rhizobia strain B78 under the action of the same seed treatment agent, this index was at the level of control plants. In the stage of bean formation, the use of the Standak Top with B. japonicum PC07 and B78 showed an increase in nitrogen fixation activity by 7.3 and 5.4 %, respectively. The stimulating effect of complex pre-treatment of soybean seeds with seed dressing agents and nodule bacteria on the growth of soybean plants during the growing season was revealed. The increase in the shoot mass of soybean plants under inoculation with Maxim XL was 10.5—14.3 %, and under treatment with Standak Top — 6.9—8.5 %. The weight of soybean roots under the use of treatment agents with inoculants was higher compared to control plants by 6.1—10.8 % in the budding stage and by 7.9—15.2 % in the stage of bean formation. Plants of all variants treated in advance with seed dressing agents and nodule bacteria (7 days before sowing) showed an increase in grain productivity compared to control plants. When applying Maxim XL and Standak Top, the increase in soybean yield was 4.8 and 6.2 %, respectively, under inoculation with B. japonicum PC07, and 9.6 and 12.9 % — under inoculation with B. japonicum В78. In general, despite the fact that soybean plants pretreated with seed dressing agents and inoculants were somewhat inferior to the control plants in terms of nodulation activity, nodules on their roots actively assimilated atmospheric N2, plant growth was more intensive, and grain productivity was higher. Thus, the use of fungicide-resistant rhizobia for inoculation of soybean seeds, even under conditions of their contact for 7 days with the active substances of chemical preparations, allows to ensure the functioning of effective symbiotic systems.
Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicиm, soybean, fungicides, inoculation, seed dressing, fungicide-resistant rhizobia strains, nitrogen fixation
Full text and supplemented materials
Free full text: PDFReferences
1. Pospielova, H.D. (2015). Species composition of phytopathogenic flora of soybean seeds. Visn. Poltavsk. derzhavnoi ahrar. ak-mii, No. 1-2, pp. 44-48 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2015.1-2.08
2. Sanzovo, A.W.S., Silvestre, D.A., Goes, K.C.G.P., Volsi, B., Constantino, L.V., Bordin, I., Telles, T.S. & Andrade, D.S. (2023). Crop rotation and inoculation increase soil bradyrhizobia population, soybean grain yields, and profitability. Brazilian J. Microbiol., No. 54, pp. 3187-3200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01148-2
3. Kots, S.Ya., Vorobey, N.A., Kyrychenko, O.V., Melnykova, N.N., Mykhalkiv, L.M. & Pukhtayevych, P.P. (2016). Microbiological preparations for agriculture. Kyiv: Logos [in Ukrainian].
4. Trybel, S.O., Strygun, О.О. & Gamanova, O.M. (2014). Current state of a chemical method of plant protection. Karantyn i zahyst rast., No. 1, pp. 1-4 [in Ukrainian].
5. Lamichhane, J.R., You, M.P., Laudinot, V., Barbetti, M.J. & Aubertot, J.N. (2020). Revisiting sustainability of fungicide seed treatments for field crops. Plant Disease, 104, No. 3, pp. 610-623. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1157-FE
6. Raichuk, T.N. (2010). Influence of seed disinfectants on mycoflora and emergence of soybean seeds. Scientific Reports of NULES of Ukraine, 17, No. 1 [in Ukrainian]. Retrieved from https://nd.nubip.edu.ua/2010-1/10rtness.pdf
7. Storchous, I. (2014). Herbicides application: expected effect and side influence. Propozytsiia, No. 1, pp. 100-105 [in Ukrainian].
8. Ievtushenko, M.D., Mariutin, F.M., Turenko, V.P., Zherebko, V.M. & Sekun M.P. (2004). Phytopharmacology. Kyiv: Vyshcha osvita [in Ukrainian].
9. Alieksieiev, O.O. & Patyka, V.P. (2014). Forming of the powerful symbiotic system Bradyrhizobium japonicum — soybean. Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk Nat. Pedagogical Un-ty. Ser. Biol., 60, No. 3, pp. 40-43 [in Ukrainian].
10. Getachew, Z. & Abeble, L. (2021). Effect of seed treatment using Mancozeb and Ridomil fungicides on Rhizobium strain performance, nodulation and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). J. Agricult. Natural Res., 4, No. 2, pp. 86-97. https://doi.org/10.3126/ janr.v4i2.33674
11. da Silva, K., da Silva, E.E., Farias, E.D.N.C., da Silva Chaves, J., Albuquerque, C.N. B. & Cardoso, C. (2018). Agronomic efficiency of Bradyrhizobium pre-inoculation in association with chemical treatment of soybean seeds. African J. Agricult. Res., 13, No. 14, pp. 726-732. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2018.13016
12. Pavlyshche, A.V., Kiriziy, D.A. & Kots, S.Ya. (2017). The reaction of symbiotic soybean systems to the action of fungicides under various treatment. Fiziol. rast. genet., 49, No. 3, pp. 237-247 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2017.03.237
13. Bilyavska, L.G. & Bilyavsky, Y.V. (2007). New soybean variety Almaz. Sci. Techn. Bulletin In-ty of Oilseed Crops NAAS, No. 12, pp. 101-106.
14. State register of pesticides and agrochemicals authorized for use in Ukraine. Ministry of Env. Protect. and Nat. Res. of Ukraine, November, 2023 [in Ukrainian]. Retrieved from https://mepr.gov.ua/upravlinnya-vidhodamy/derzhavnyj-reyestr-pestytsydiv-i-agrohimikativ-dozvolenyh-do-vykorystannya-v-ukrayini
15. Vorobey, N.A., Kukol, K.P. & Kots, S.Ya. (2020). Fungicides toxicity assessment on Bradyrhizobium japonicum nodule bacteria in pure culture. Mikrobiol. Z., 82, No. 3, pp. 45-54 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj82.03.045
16. Kukol, K.P., Vorobey, N.A. & Kots, S.Ya. (2019). Sensitivity of pure cultures of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to fungicides. Silskohospodarska mikrobiol., 30, pp. 20-31 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.30.20-31
17. Hardy, R.W.F., Holsten, R.D., Jackson, E.K. & Burns, R.C. (1968). The acetylene-ethylene assay for N2 fixation: laboratory and field evaluation. Plant Physiol., 43, No. 8, pp. 1185-1207. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.43.8.1185
18. Walker, L., Lagunas, B. & Gifford, M.L. (2020). Determinants of host range specificity in legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Front. Microbiol., 11, 3028. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fmicb.2020.585749
19. Babych, A.O. (1993). Modern production and use of soybeans. Kyiv: Urozhai [in Ukrainian].
20. Rodrigues, T.F., Bender, F.R., Sanzovo, A.W.S., Ferreira, E., Nogueira, M.A. & Hungria, M. (2020). Impact of pesticides in properties of Bradyrhizobium spp. and in the symbiotic performance with soybean. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36, No. 11, 172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02949-5
21. Anghinoni, F.B.G., Braccini, A.L., Scapim, C.A., Anghinoni, G., Ferri, G.C., Suzukawa, A.K. & Tonin, T.A. (2017). Pre-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp. in industrially treated soybean seeds. Agricult. Sci., 8, No. 7, pp. 582-590. https://doi.org/ 10.4236/as.2017.87044
22. Kukol, К.P., Vorobey, N.A., Pukhtaievych, P.P., Rybachenko, L.I., & Yakymchuk, R.Ya. (2020). Effect of fungicides on the efficiency of soybean inoculation with pesticide-resistant nodule bacteria. Silskohospodarska mikrobiol., 31, pp. 26-35. https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.31.26-35
23. Machineski, G.S., Scaramal, A.S., de Matos, M.A., Machineski, O. & Colozzi Filho, A. (2018). Efficiency of pre-inoculation of soybeans with Bradyrhizobium up to 60 days before sowing. African J. Agricult. Res., 13, No. 24, pp. 1233-1242. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJAR2018.13108
24. Araujo, R.S., Cru, S.P.D., Souchie, E.L., Martin, T.N., Nakatani, A.S., Nogueira, M.A. & Hungria, M. (2017). Preinoculation of soybean seeds treated with agrichemicals up to 30 days before sowing: Technological innovation for large-scale agriculture. Int. J. Microbiol., 2017, 5914786. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5914786
25. Jayasinghearachchi, H.S. & Seneviratne, G.A (2004). Вradyrhizobial-Penicillium spp. biofilm with nitrogenase activity improves N2 fixing symbiosis of soybean. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 40, No. 6, pp. 432-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0796-5
26. Mariana, S.S., Mariangel, H., Marco, A.N., Santos, M.S., Hungria, M. & Nogueira, M.A. (2017). Production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and biofilm by Azospirillum brasilense aiming at the development of liquid inoculants with high performance. African J. Biotechnol., 16, No. 37, pp. 1855-1862. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2017.16162