The key to the organism of animals and humans the mineral phosphorus in cereals and legumes in two thirds (~65—85 %) of the total content is bound in the form of phytic acid (phytate) and inaccessible to digestion. Undiluted organic phosphorus in the form of phytate, which is excreted from the body with feces, creates an ecological problem, first of all, the quality of drinking water deterioration. The article presents literary data on the genotypes of the main grain crops and, in particular, barley with genetically controlled low content of this substance in the grain. More than 20 low-content phytate mutants are known in the barley culture, which represent at least six different lpa-loci, each of which has a different effect on the content of organic and mineral phosphorus in the grain. It has been shown that the selection of lpa-varieties of this culture requires the necessity of using special laboratory methods for controlling lpa-mutations and assessing their effects in breeding populations. The obtained data confirmed that the lpa-mutant lines, even without pre-selection, are not essentially inferior to lines with wild-type alleles. It has been shown that the creation of grain cereals with low content in the grain of the phytates opens up fundamentally different possibilities of production of high quality meat, along with a decrease in the pollution of the environment with phosphates. Based on the analysis of literary sources, in which the results of studies on feeding animals of different ration types with low-phytate and common barley, the efficiency of phosphate utilization was found to be significantly higher than normal. In addition, the feeding of animals with low-phytate barley helps to reduce emissions of non-utilizable phosphates with feces, improves the utilization of multivalent cations in feeds. It has been shown that the creation of low-phytate barley varieties based on lpa-mutations can significantly improve the efficiency of the assimilation (bioavailability) of phosphorus from barley grain by humans and animals and reduce the harmful load of the environment by phosphates.
Keywords: barley, phytates, phosphorus, lpa-mutations, biofortification
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