The review focuses on the role of bioherbicides in weed control, their use as an alternative to synthetic herbicides, including their role in overcoming resistance to synthetic herbicides. The possibilities for their combined use with synthetic herbicides to protect crops from weeds are considered. A brief historical overview of the development of bioherbicide technologies is provided, and the current distribution of bioherbicides in the world and the problems of their application are considered. Bioherbicides are shown to have diverse natural origins. Sources of bioherbicides can be allelopathic bacteria and plants, fungi, and mycotoxins isolated from them. Special attention is paid to essential oils as substances with potential herbicidal activity. The physiological characteristics of the effect of specific and non-specific bioherbicides on weeds, their selectivity in relation to both individual species and cultivated plants, as well as related problems are considered. The features of the search for target plant species for different types and forms of bioherbicides are descussed. Some identified compounds of natural origin with herbicidal activity and the relationship between their chemical structure and phytotoxicity are described. Issues related to the production and economic efficiency of bioherbicides in the agro-industrial sector and possible ways to address them are considered. A separate section is devoted to the latest technologies for the development of new bioherbicides and synthetic herbicides using biotechnological methods, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in these processes. Their potential advantages are considered, primarily related to a significant reduction in the time required for the identification of naturally occurring herbicides, their screening, and ultimately the time required for the development of new naturally occurring herbicides.
Keywords: weeds, resistance, bioherbicides, synthetic herbicides, screening, mycoherbicides, allelopathy, bacterial herbicides, essential oil herbicides
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