Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is one of the most effective methods of introducing genetic material into plants, and plays a key role in the genetic engineering of cereal crops. This technology is widely used for the production of transgenic wheat and high-efficiency gene-functional studies. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the technology of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat, which has significantly expanded the possibilities of its application. This review is devoted to highlighting the latest achievements in the field of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat, analyzing technical improvements related to this system, as well as developing new methodologies for genetic modification of this crop. The basic principles of transformation mediated by Agrobacterium are briefly presented. The main factors that play an important role in increasing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat are considered, in particular, the genotype, type of explant, its size and stage of development, selection of bacterial strains, culture media composition, physicochemical conditions, hormonal supplements, growth stimulants. Special attention is paid to studies aimed at finding more effective promoters and new marker genes. The possibilities of increasing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat by using a number of regulatory genes to enhance somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration are analyzed. Information is presented on modern protocols for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat, which have significantly increased the frequency of obtaining modified plants and expanded the range of transformed species and genotypes of this crop.
Keywords: wheat, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, progress in technology
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