The physiological adaptive responses (peculiarities of the fractional composition of water, the soluble carbohydrates content, the total antioxidant activity, and the content of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle components) in the mosses Polytrichum formosum Hedw., Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Vrid. from the forest ecosystems of the Ukrainian Roztochia have been investigated. Freshly collected plant material was used in the work. Plant samples were selected from experimental plots that differed according to the water and temperature regimes of localities: 1 — the territory of a complete protecting in the ancient forest of the Vereshchytsky Department of the Nature Protection and Research (control); 2 — zone of stationary recreation «Vereshchytsia»; 3 — the territory of the felling of the 40-year-old of Stradch Educational and Production Forestry Plant. It was shown that the fractional composition of water in the gametophyte of mosses depended on their species characteristics and conditions of localities. In the shoots of the endohydric species A. undulatum and P. formosum, the total water balance was dominated by free water, while in the samples of the ectohydric species C. purpureus — the fraction of osmotically bound water. Under the conditions of unfavorable water and temperature regime, the amount of bound water in the samples of all studied plants increased significantly, which is caused by an increase in the osmolytes concentration in the cells. It was indicated, that under unfavorable conditions of water supply, carbohydrate metabolism was directed towards the starch hydrolysis and the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates, primarily sucrose (56—70 % of the total amount of soluble carbohydrates), which increased the water-holding capacity of bryophyte cells. The antioxidant system plays an important role in the protective reactions of mosses in changing microclimatic conditions. An increase in total antioxidant activity, intensive use of ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione, as well as an increase in ascorbate peroxidase activity were observed in the experimental plots in the recreation area and in the felling territory with a less favorable temperature and water regime. In the shoots of the ectohydric moss species C. purpureus, higher plasticity of the antioxidant system components content was established, while in the gametophyte of the endohydric species A. undulatum and P. formosum, the indices were more constant, which is obviously due to the more stable water regime of these plants under changing microclimatic conditions.
Keywords: mosses, water fractional composition, carbohydrates, antioxidant system, forest ecosystems
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