In pot experiments, a study of changes in fluorescence induction indices and chlorophyll content in leaves of four tiers of winter wheat varieties of different stress-tolerance under conditions of a ten-day drought and subsequent restoration of irrigation was carried out. It was established that the Natalka variety is the most sensitive to drought. This variety loses chlorophyll the fastest, especially in the leaves of the lower three tiers. The Natalka variety completely lost chlorophyll in the leaf of the fourth layer already on the third day of drought, and in the leaf of the third layer on the tenth day of drought. In plants of the control variant, chlorophyll in the leaf of the fourth tier was completely lost only on the seventh day of resumption of watering. Also, for this variety, the greatest loss of leaves functional activity was shown, which was not restored under the conditions of the restoration of optimal irrigation. The losses of chlorophyll were lower in Podolyanka, Podilska Nyva, and Poradnytsia varieties. In the control plants of these varieties, chlorophyll was preserved throughout the experiment, and under drought conditions it was completely lost in the leaves of the fourth tier on the tenth day. Also, significantly smaller losses of leaves functional activity were observed in these varieties. Under the conditions of optimal watering restoration, an increase in functional activity was noted in the parameters of Fv/Fm and RFd in flag and sub-flag leaves. These values not only return to the initial level, before the drought treatment, but also exceed the indicers in the control variants. Thus, there is a certain compensation for the loss of functional activity in the lower tiers leaves under the conditions of watering restoration.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., winter wheat, photosynthetic apparatus, drought, induction of chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll
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