The features of growth and development of the leaf photosynthetic apparatus, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, the changes in the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) in leaves adapted to darkness and light, non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ) and the rate of electron transport in chloroplasts) of eggplant under the influence of auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin growth stimulants and gibberellin inhibitors that differ in the mechanism of their action were studied. It was shown that treatment with growth stimulants: 1-naphthylacetic acid (1-NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) increased the linear growth of plants while gibberellin inhibitors: chlormequat chloride (ССС-750), tebuconazole (EW-250) and esphon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, 2-CEPA) decreased it. Growth stimulators and EW-250 increased the number of leaves on the plant, the weight of fresh and dry leaf matter, while ССС-750 and 2-CEPA decreased them. All studied growth stimulants increased the total leaf area of plant and anti-gibberellins decreased it. Gibberellin inhibitors as well as growth stimulators 6-BAP and 1-NAA increased the specific weight of the leaf, while GA3 decreased or did not change it. The total chlorophyll content significantly increased under the treatment with 6-BAP and EW-250 but significantly decreased after treatment with GA3. Anti-gibberellins and 6-BAP increased the CO2 assimilation rate, activity of photorespiration and dark respiration, and enhanced transpiration rate. At the stage of fruit formation, all preparation used (except 2-CEPA) enhanced water use efficiency. Retardants CCC-750 and EW-250 increased the quantum efficiency of PS II in the light and the rate of linear electron transport in chloroplasts during carpogenesis. It was concluded that all the indicated positive changes under the action of growth regulators in the physiological parameters of the eggplant plants photosynthetic apparatus contribute to the fuller realization of their productivity potential.
Keywords: Solanum melongena L., growth regulators, morphogenesis, leaf apparatus, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, transpiration, chlorophyll fluorescence induction
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