The accumulation and remobilization of water-soluble carbohydrates in different parts of the stem of main shoot of winter wheat varieties Podilska Niva, Yednist and Zbruch, which were included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine in 2018, 2008 and 1994, respectively, were studied. The stem was divided into parts: the leaf sheaths of the two upper internodes, the two upper internodes without leaf sheaths, the leaf sheaths of the other lower internodes and the lower internodes without leaf sheaths. The content of water-soluble carbohydrates was determined in the stage of flowering (GS 65), milk ripeness (GS 77) and full ripeness of the grain. The storage capacity was defined as the amount of remobilized water-soluble carbohydrates, calculated by the difference between their maximum and final total amount in the stage of full ripeness. It was found that the newer varieties Podilska Niva and Yednist had higher maximal levels of specific water-soluble carbohydrates content in most parts of the stem compared to the older variety Zbruch. The newest high-yielding variety Podilska Niva surpassed significantly the varieties of the earlier selection Yednist and Zbruch by stem storage capacity, and variety Zbruch outstriped Yednist due to the greater mass of dry matter. In the variety Podilska Niva, stored carbohydrates accumulated mainly in the lower internodes of the stem, while in Yednist and Zbruch varieties — in the upper ones. The contribution of sheaths to the total stem storage capacity was twice less than that of the culm parts in Zbruch and Yednist and three times in Podilska Niva. Grain weight of spike correlated positively with the maximum total amount of water-soluble carbohydrates in the stem (r = 0.98) and the amount of remobilized carbohydrates (r = 0.95). The obtained data indicate the importance of improving the stem storage capacity for further selection to increase the yield of winter wheat.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., stem storage capacity, parts of shoot, water-soluble carbohydrates, grain productivity
Full text and supplemented materials
Free full text: PDFReferences
1. Shiferaw, B., Smale, M., Braun, H.J., Duveiller, E., Reynolds, M. & Muricho, G. (2013). Crops that feed the world 10. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by wheat in global food security. Food Sec., 5, pp. 291-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-013-0263-y
2. FAO. 2020. Food Outlook - Biannual Report on Global Food Markets: June 2020. Food Outlook, Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9509en
3. Morgun, V.V. (2019). New varieties of winter wheat as a significant component of the country's grain wealth. Fiziol. rast. genet., 51, No. 4, pp. 347-354 [in Ukrainian].
4. Stewart, B.A. & Lal, R. (2018). Increasing world average yields of cereal crops: it's all about water. In Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 151) (Sparks, D.L., ed.), pp. 1-44, Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2018.05.001
5. Reynolds, M.P., Lewis, J.M., Ammar, K., Basnet, B.R., Crespo-Herrera, L., Crossa, J., Dhugga, K.S., Dreisigacker, S., Juliana, P., Karwat, H., Kishii, M., Krause, M.R., Langridge, P., Lashkari, A., Mondal, S., Payne, T., Pequeno, D., Pinto, F., Sansaloni, C., Schulthess, U., Singh, R.P., Sonder, K., Sukumaran, S., Xiong, W. & Braun, H.J. (2021). Harnessing translational research in wheat for climate resilience. J. Exp. Bot., 72, No. 14, pp. 5134-5157. https:/ doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab256 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab256
6. Tshikunde, N.M., Mashilo, J., Shimelis, H. & Odindo, A. (2019). Agronomic and physiological traits, and associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting yield response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): a review. Front. Plant Sci., No. 10, pp. 14-28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01428
7. Crespo-Herrera, L.A., Crossa, J., Huerta-Espino, J., Vargas, M., Mondal, S., Velu, G., Payne, T.S., Braun, H. & Singh, R.P. (2018). Genetic gains for grain yield in CIMMYT's semi-arid wheat yield trials grown in suboptimal environments. Crop Sci., 58, No. 5, pp. 1890-1189. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2018.01.0017
8. Blum, A. (1998). Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilisation. Euphytica, 100, pp. 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018303922482
9. Slewinski, T.L. (2012). Non-structural carbohydrate partitioning in grass stems: a target to increase yield stability, stress tolerance, and biofuel production. J. Exp. Bot., 63, No. 13, pp. 4647-4670. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers124
10. Schnyder, H. (1993). The role of carbohydrate storage and redistribution in the source-sink relations of wheat and barley during grain filling - a review. New Phytol., 123, pp. 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03731.x
11. Gupta, A.K., Kaur, K. & Kaur, N. (2011). Stem reserve mobilization and sink activity in wheat under drought conditions. American Journal of Plant Science, 2, No. 1, pp. 70-77. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.21010
12. Zhang, J., Chen, W., Dell, B., Vergauwen, R., Zhang, X., Mayer, J.E. & Van den Ende, W. (2015). Wheat genotypic variation in dynamic fluxes of WSC components in different stem segments under drought during grain filling. Front. Plant Sci., 6, p. 624. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00624
13. Yanez, A., Tapia, G., Guerra, F. & del Pozo, A. (2017). Stem carbohydrate dynamics and expression of genes involved in fructan accumulation and remobilization during grain growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with contrasting tolerance to water stress. PLoS One, 12(5), e0177667. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177667
14. Ehdaie, B., Alloush, G., Madore, M. & Waines, J. (2006). Genotypic variation for stem reserves and mobilization in wheat: II. Postanthesis changes in internode water-soluble carbohydrates. Crop Sci., 46, pp. 2093-2103. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0013
15. Asseng, S. & van Herwaarden, A.F. (2003). Analysis of the benefits to wheat yield from assimilates stored prior to grain filling in a range of environments. Plant and Soil, 256, pp. 217-229 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026231904221
16. Ehdaie, B., Alloush, G. & Waines, J. (2008). Genotypic variation in linear rate of grain growth and contribution of stem reserves to grain yield in wheat. Field Crop Res., 106, pp. 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.012
17. Araki, H., Hamada, A., Hossain, A. & Takahashi, T. (2012). Waterlogging at jointing and/or after anthesis in wheat induces early leaf senescence and impairs grain filling. Field Crop Res., 137, pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.006
18. Ruuska, A.C., Rebetzke, G. J. & van Herwaarden, A. F. (2006). Genotypic variation in water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in wheat. Func. Plant Biol., 33, No. 9, pp. 799-809. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP06062
19. Foulkes, M.J., Snape, J.W., Shearman, V.J., Reynolds, M.P., Gaju, O. & Sylvester-Bradley, R. (2007). Genetic progress in yield potential in wheat: recent advances and future prospects. J. Agric. Sci., 145, No. 1, pp. 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859607006740
20. Krupa, N.M. & Kiriziy, D.A. (2011). The deposite function of the stem as constituent of the production process of winter wheat. Fiziol. rast. genet., 43, No. 4, pp. 324-331 [in Ukrainian].
21. Priadkina, H.O., Zborivska, O.V. & Ryzhykova, P.L. (2016). Stem deposition ability in modern winter wheat varieties under different environmental conditions as a physiological marker of their productivity. Bull. Vavilov Soc. Genet. Breed. Ukraine, 14, No. 2, pp. 44-50 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.14.2.689
22. Islam, M.A., Fakir, M.S.A., Hossain, M.A. & Sathi, M.A. (2021). Genotypic variation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in grain filling and contribution of culm reserves to yield. Bangladesh J. Bot., 50, No.1, pp. 51-59. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i1.52671
23. del Pozo, A., Yanez, A., Matus, I. A., Tapia, G., Castillo, D., Sanchez-Jardon, L. & Araus, J.L. (2016). Physiological traits associated with wheat yield potential and performance under water-stress in a Mediterranean environment. Front. Plant Sci., 7, p. 987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00987
24. Ovenden, B., Milgate, A., Lisle, C., Wade, L.J., Rebetzke, G.J. & Holland, J.B. (2017). Selection for water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation and investigation of genetic w environment interactions in an elite wheat breeding population. Theor. Appl. Genet., 130, pp. 2445-2461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2969-2
25. Sadras, V.O., Fereres, E., Borras, L.,Garzo, E., Moreno, A., Araus, J.L. & Fereres, A. (2020). Aphid resistance: an overlooked ecological dimension of nonstructural carbohydrates in cereals. Front. Plant Sci., 11, p. 937. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00937
26. https://sops.gov.ua/reestr-sortiv-roslin
27. Ermakov, A.I., Arasimovich, V.V., Smirnova-Ikonnikova, M.I., Yarosh, N.P. & Lukovnikova, G.A. (1972). Methods of biochemical research of plants. Leningrad: Kolos [in Russian].
28. Dospehov, B.A. (1985). Method of field experiment. Moskva: Agropromizdat.
29. https://agrarii-razom.com.ua/list-culture-varieties?culture=1404&plant=376
30. Saddhe, A.A., Manuka, R. & Penna, S. (2021). Plant sugars: Homeostasis and transport under abiotic stress in plants. Physiol. Plant., 171, No. 4, pp 739-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13283
31. Thakur, V., Pandey, G.C. & Rane, J. (2019). Stem carbohydrate dynamics during post anthesis period in diverse wheat genotypes under different environments. Plant Sci. Today, 6, pp. 556-559. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.sp1.688
32. Liu, Y., Zhang, P., Li, M., Chang, L., Cheng, H., Chai, S. & Yang, D. (2020). Dynamic responses of accumulation and remobilization of water soluble carbohydrates in wheat stem to drought stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 155, pp. 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.024
33. Kiriziy, D.A., Shadchyna, T.M., Stasik, O.O., Priadkina, G.O., Sokolovska-Serhiienko, O.H., Guliaiev, B.I. & Sytnyk, S.K. (2011). Features of photosynthesis and production process in high-intensity genotypes of winter wheat. Osnova: Kiev [in Ukrainian].
34. Sun, Y., Zhang, S. & Yan, J. (2021). Contribution of green organs to grain weight in dryland wheat from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China. Sci.Rep., 11, pp. 33-77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82718-y
35. Gao, F., Ma, D., Yin, G., Rasheed, A., Dong, Y., Xiao, Y., Xia, X., Wu, X. & He, Z. (2017). Genetic progress in grain yield and physiological traits in Chinese wheat cultivars of southern Yellow and Huai Valley since 1950. Crop Sci., 57, pp. 760-773. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.05.0362
36. Dreccer, M.F., Chapman, S.C., Rattey, A.R., Neal, J., Song, Y., Christopher, J.T. & Reynolds, M. (2013). Developmental and growth controls of tillering and water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in contrasting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes: Can we dissect them? J. Exp. Bot., 64, No. 1, pp. 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers317
37. Thapa, S., Rudd, J. C., Jessup, K. E., Liu, S., Baker, J. A., Devkota, R. N. & Xue, Q. (18 May 2021). Middle portion of the wheat culm remobilizes more carbon reserve to grains under drought. J. Agro. Crop Sci. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12508