The review devoted to analysis of the literature data concerning main signaling pathways of the nodulation process regulation. The mechanisms of the positive regulation of nodulation mediated by cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, strigolactones, and of the negative regulation mediated by ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid are thoroughly summarized and discussed. Negative regulation of nodulation processes consists in systemic autoregulation and local hormonal regulation resulting in the change of nodules number. The role of cytokinin family phytohormones in the systemic autoregulation of the nodulation process is also described. Coordination of hormonal signaling pathways is essential process for the root nodule organogenesis, and is a complex of reactions and processes. The concentrations of hormones and other signal components are critical and their decreasing or increasing can lead to the interruption of nodulation. Understanding of the mechanisms of the regulation of nodule formation processes will support the solving of global biotechnological problems and improve agriculture production of legumes.
Keywords: phytohormones, Nod factors, legume-rhizobium symbiosis, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, signaling, autoregulation of nodulation
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