Fiziol. rast. genet. 2018, vol. 50, no. 2, 161-169, doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2018.02.161

SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SPELT WINTER WHEAT AND EMMER WHEAT UNDER SOUTH STEPPE ZONE CONDITIONS

Ruzhitska O.M., Borysova O.V.

  • Mechnykov Odesa National University 2 Dvoryanska St., Odesa, 65082, Ukraine

Morphometrical parameters, the seed productivity of the ear and the biochemical composition of the grain (the content of starch, fiber, ash, fat and protein) of Triticum spelta L. (spelt) and T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. (emmer) grown in the field conditions in the Ukraine South steppe zone ware investigated in our work. The characteristic of grain protein composition of both species was carried out. The number of grains in the ear and the weight of 1000 grains revealed differences, both between two wheat species, and between experimental samples of the same species. The highest 1000 grains weight index and grain yield was obtained for the UA0300259 landrace. The highest 1000 grains weight index between emmer landraces was obtained for UA0300087. It was explained both because of higher number of grains in the ear and the mass of 1000 grains. The content of starch in whole-grain flour of emmer was from 50 to 61 %, in spelt this parameter ranged from 49 to 55% depending on the landrace. The content of lipids and fiber in whole grain flour of spelt and emmer varied among the experimental landraces, and no significant difference in the content of the ash between the samples was observed. The content of protein in whole-grain spelt flour ranged from 16.2 to 19.9 %, and from 14.0 to 22.6 % in emmer grain, depending on the sample. At the same time, the ratio of Glu/Gli for spelt grain was 1.1, and for emmer grain was from 0.7 to 1.4, depending on the sample. According to our data under conditions of Ukraine South steppe zone spelt landrace UA0300259 and emmer landrace UA0300087 combined the characteristics of high grain number in the ear, 1000 grain weight and protein content in the grain.

Keywords: Triticum spelta L., T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl., wheat, seed produсtivity, grain quality, protein composition

Fiziol. rast. genet.
2018, vol. 50, no. 2, 161-169

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