The effect of new chemical mutagens DG-2, DG-6, DG-7, DG-9 — derivatives of dimethyl sulfate (DMS) — on the frequency and spectrum of mutations in Linum humile Mill. was studied in the M2 generation. In the M1 generation, in flax varieties Iceberg and Solnechny, the survival of plants and a number of morphometric characteristics were evaluated. It was shown that the DMS derivatives exerted both an inhibitory and stimulating effect on the investigated traits. In the next M2 generation, a preliminary estimation of the frequency and spectrum of induced mutations was made. The final conclusion on the presence of mutations in M2 was made after confirmation of their manifestation in the M3 generation. It was found that the total frequency of mutations caused by DG mutagens significantly exceeded the mutation rate induced by the initial DMS agent, and varied from 1.96 to 20.37 %, depending on the type and concentration of the mutagen. The mutation rate caused by the novel mutagens did not exceed the mutation frequency caused by the EMS mutagen (ethyl methane sulfonate), however those mutagens differed in the spectrum of the induced mutations. Regarding the spectrum of the changes obtained, 27 types of mutations were identified, which were subdivided into five groups, depending on the type and direction of the changes. The increased mutability of the variety Solnechny in comparison with the variety Iceberg was revealed. It was demonstrated that with an increase in the concentration of mutagens, the frequency of mutations increased significantly for both flax varieties.
Keywords: Linum humile Mill., flax, mutagenesis, M1 and M2 generations, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl sulfate derivatives, ethyl methane sulfonate, mutation, spectrum, frequency
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