Fiziol. rast. genet. 2021, vol. 53, no. 6, 463-483, doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2021.06.463

Physiological-biochemical and genetic features of barley as a product for functional nutrition

Katrii V.B.1, Rybalka A.I.1,2, Morgun B.V.1,3

  1. Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
  2. Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute—National Center of Seed and Cultivars Investigation, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine  3 Ovidiopolska Road, Odesa, 65036, Ukraine
  3. Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 148 Akademika Zabolotnoho St., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine

The literature review presents current data on the physiological, biochemical and genetic characteristics of barley as a product for functional nutrition. Attention to barley has increased especially in the last 10—15 years due to the latest clinical, dietary and biochemical studies of its grain products, performed in laboratories of leading countries, which proved the exceptionally high nutritional value of barley grain, especially its ability to serve prophylactic against such serious diseases of the last century as coronary heart disease, diabetes, etc. It is shown that the extremely high nutritional value of barley grain is due to the content of unique non-starch polysaccharides beta-glucans, a complex of substances with a wide range of antioxidant activity (tocol, phytosterols, flavonoids, phytophenols), vitamin B complex, nicotinic acid, nicotine minerals such as iron, zinc, manganese, selenium. Attention is paid to the technology of selection of hull-less barley, which includes a number of specific tasks related to the physical characteristics of grain without hull, its biochemical and technological properties. The latest trends in genetic research aimed at improving barley grain in terms of starch composition, protein quality, content of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants are highlighted. The prospects of using molecular-biological methods to improve the nutritional characteristics of barley are shown, which allow using specific molecular markers to direct the genetic variability of these characteristics in the direction necessary for the breeder. A new direction for Ukraine in the selection of cereals with colored grain in order to increase the nutritional value of grain, which is the basis for the emergence of new functional foods in the food market of our country, is described.

Keywords: barley, gluten, amylose, phytates, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, genetic research, molecular markers

Fiziol. rast. genet.
2021, vol. 53, no. 6, 463-483

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