It was analyzed the effect of moderate soil drought on the growth of two related wheat species Triticum aestivum L. variety Podolyanka and T. spelta L. variety Frankenkorn, the grains of which were primed with 10—6 M solution of abscisic acid (ABA). Soil drought was achieved by stopping watering of 14-day-old plants for the next 4 days until the leaves wilting and reaching a half reduction in the moisture capacity of the substrate (30 % FC). At the stage of 2—3 leaves (18th day), watering was restored, plants were grown under normal conditions until the 21st day (stage of 3—4 leaves). Priming with ABA solution stimulated the roots development of two studied species under control conditions; however, the mass of spelt roots was significantly higher. Under moderate soil drought, the growth of 18-day-old plants slowed down. The mass of the primed with ABA solution winter wheat and spelt roots decreased, respectively, by 18.3 and 29.6 %, while significant changes were recorded only in unprimed spelt roots. After priming with ABA solution under moderate soil drought, the mass of winter wheat shoots remained almost unchanged, while in spelt it decreased by 13 %. At the same time, compared with unprimed plants, the decrease in shoot mass was less, due to the retention of moisture. After watering resumption, on the 21st day the morphometric indices of plants primed with ABA solution were significantly higher than unprimed ones. The height and mass of winter wheat shoots increased, the root system branched, and the mass of it grew 1.75 times. In spelt, full restoration of morphometric indices did not occur, although the length and mass indices of shoots and roots of primed plants were higher than unprimed ones. The results showed that priming with ABA solution stimulates the root system development and increases resistance to moderate soil drought of winter wheat and spelt. T. aestivum variety Podolyanka was more stress-resistant and recovered better. The possibility of exogenous ABA using to increase the drought resistance of cereals is discussed.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Triticum spelta L., abscisic acid, soil drought, growth, resistance
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