Fiziol. rast. genet. 2018, vol. 50, no. 3, 218-240, doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2018.03.218

THE IMPORTANCE OF RESISTANT VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT, THE STUDY OF SOURCES AND DONORS OF RESISTANCE TO PESTS AND MAIN PATHOGEN

Morgun V.V., Topchii T.V.

Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine

Grain crops in Ukraine occupy large areas, over 6 million hectares, accounting for 19 % of arable land. The grain sector is the strategic direction of Ukraine's economy, so even minimal damage to plants from phytophages and diseases resulting in large losses of crops, and the emergence of new aggressive races and highvirulent pathogens are a major cause of rapid loss of varieties resistance to relevant diseases. The most radical promising, environmentally safe and cost-effective direction of improving integrated protection is a growing winter wheat varieties resistant to pests, pathogens. It allows no additional cost to minimize crop losses from pests and reduce energy consumption by 25-30 %, and create a new ecological niche in agrobiocenosis. But in order to expand the genetic diversity constant search is required for reliable sources and donors of resistance among a group of major wheat and their wild relatives. Based on the analysis of literature sources, the importance of solving the problem of resistant winter wheat varieties against pests and major pathogens is shown. There are marked several varieties of IPPG NASU, that characterized by the complex resistance to pests and therefore have a special value — Bogdana, Vesnyanka, Volodarka, Zolotokolosa, Natalka, Novokyevskaya, Pereyaslavka, Podolanka, Slavna, Smuglyanka, Snigurka, Trypilska, Favoritka, Khazarka, Khurtovina, Chorniava, Monotype, Dobyrna, Veteran, Spasivka, Gileia, Khutoryanka. Their stability is provided by different types, in particular, antixenoses, tolerance, eluding and antibiosis. So, use them as a source of resistance for the creation and implementation of new productive varieties of winter wheat will allow in the future to keep the grain yield and minimize pollution by pesticides.

Keywords: winter wheat, selection, pests, pathogenic agent, resistant varieties, sources of resistance

Fiziol. rast. genet.
2018, vol. 50, no. 3, 218-240

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