Phosphorus is an important macroelement for plants, and its lack in soil significantly limits the yield of crops. To maintain homeostasis of phosphorus in plants there are complex systems for the absorption, transport and remobilization of orthophosphate. Signal systems at the root level, the shoot-root level, that include Pi, changes in the hormonal status, miRNAs, mRNAs, and sugars, coordinate the response to Pi deficiency at the plant level. Among the ways to increase PUE, biotechnology approaches are the most promising. The use of the vector of phosphite conversion into phosphate has allowed the creation of corn, soybean, cotton GM plants, which can use phosphite as a fertilizer. Results of molecular researches of phosphorus nutrition of cultivated plants allow to create genotypes of cultivated plants and technology of their cultivation with high levels of PUE, that significantly increase the economic efficiency of plant growing and reduces the chemical load on agrophytocenoses.
Keywords: phosphate nutrition, phosphite, orthophosphate
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